How does proper pruning benefit plants?

Proper pruning benefits plants significantly by encouraging healthy growth and improving air circulation. When pruning is performed correctly, it helps to remove dead or diseased branches, as well as any overcrowded growth that could hinder the overall health of the plant. By eliminating these unwanted branches, the plant can redirect its energy towards healthier growth and development.

Moreover, proper pruning enhances air circulation around the plant. Good airflow is essential in preventing moisture buildup, which can lead to fungal diseases and other health issues. Air circulation also supports photosynthesis by ensuring that sunlight reaches more leaves, promoting the plant's vitality.

In contrast, the other options present concepts that do not apply in the context of proper pruning. Encouraging disease would be counterproductive to plant health, as would reducing photosynthesis or discouraging new growth. Proper pruning, rather than creating barriers, facilitates the plant's natural processes, promoting an overall robust and thriving plant structure.